stuff circuits blah

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2025-02-24 22:40:48 -06:00
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Just as the potential energy of a raised ball does not depend on the gravitational field of the ball, the electric potential of the test charge $q$ doesn't depend on the magnitude of the charge itself. This quantity is given the unit **Volt**, or $1\text{ V}=1\;\text{J}/\mathrm{C}$
# Circuits
### Ohms Law:
$$
V = IR
$$
- Voltage $V$ = Current $I$ × Resistance $R$
### Power in Circuits:
$$
P = IV
$$
- Power $P$ = Current $I$ × Voltage $V$
$$
P = I^2R
$$
- Power $P$ = Current squared $I^2$ × Resistance $R$
$$
P = \frac{V^2}{R}
$$
- Power $P$ = Voltage squared $V^2$ / Resistance $R$
### Series Circuits:
$$
R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_2 + \dots + R_n
$$
- Total Resistance $R_{\text{total}}$ = Sum of Individual Resistances
$$
V_{\text{total}} = V_1 + V_2 + \dots + V_n
$$
- Total Voltage $V_{\text{total}}$ = Sum of Individual Voltages
$$
I_{\text{total}} = I_1 = I_2 = \dots = I_n
$$
- Current $I_{\text{total}}$ is the same across all components
### Parallel Circuits:
$$
\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{R_n}
$$
- Total Resistance $R_{\text{total}}$ = Reciprocal Sum of Individual Resistances
$$
V_{\text{total}} = V_1 = V_2 = \dots = V_n
$$
- Voltage $V_{\text{total}}$ is the same across all components
$$
I_{\text{total}} = I_1 + I_2 + \dots + I_n
$$
- Total Current $I_{\text{total}}$ is the sum of individual currents
### Capacitance:
$$
Q = CV
$$
- Charge $Q$ = Capacitance $C$ × Voltage $V$
$$
C = \frac{\epsilon_0 A}{d}
$$
- Capacitance $C$ of a parallel plate capacitor: $\epsilon_0$ = permittivity of free space, $A$ = area of plates, $d$ = distance between plates
### Inductance:
$$
V = L \frac{di}{dt}
$$
- Voltage across an inductor $V$ = Inductance $L$ × Rate of change of current $\frac{di}{dt}$
### RL Time Constant:
$$
\tau = \frac{L}{R}
$$
- Time constant $\tau$ for an RL circuit
### Kirchhoffs Laws:
- **Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL):** The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum of currents leaving.
- **Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL):** The sum of voltages around any closed loop equals zero.
---
#physics