feat(chart): GPU utilization paradox visualization

src/charts/utilization_gap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""GPU Utilization Paradox Chart"""
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.use("Agg")
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.patches import Circle
+import numpy as np
+from src.utils.styling import (
+    get_theme, EXPORT_DPI, BUBBLE_ZONE, NORMAL_ZONE, WARNING_ZONE,
+    GRAY_LIGHT, GRAY_DARK, GRAY_MEDIUM, BLACK, WHITE
+)
+from src.utils.export import save_chart_tight
+
+
+def plot_gpu_utilization() -> str:
+    plt.rcParams.update(get_theme())
+    fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(16, 8))
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # LEFT PANEL: Horizontal bar comparison
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    categories = [
+        "Total AI Infrastructure Spend (2025)",
+        "Effective GPU Utilization (~5%)",
+        "Industry Target (~65%)",
+        "Human Workforce Utilization (~85%)",
+    ]
+    # Normalize to percentages for visual comparison
+    values = [100, 5, 65, 85]
+    colors_bar = [GRAY_DARK, BUBBLE_ZONE, NORMAL_ZONE, WARNING_ZONE]
+
+    y_pos = np.arange(len(categories))
+    bars = ax1.barh(y_pos, values, color=colors_bar, edgecolor="white", height=0.6)
+
+    ax1.set_yticks(y_pos)
+    ax1.set_yticklabels(categories, fontsize=11)
+    ax1.set_xlabel("Relative Percentage (%)", fontsize=12)
+    ax1.set_title("GPU Utilization Paradox", fontsize=16, fontweight="bold")
+    ax1.set_xlim(0, 110)
+    ax1.grid(True, alpha=0.3, axis="x")
+
+    # Value labels on bars
+    for bar, val in zip(bars, values):
+        ax1.text(
+            val + 1, bar.get_y() + bar.get_height() / 2,
+            f"{val}%",
+            va="center", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold",
+        )
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # RIGHT PANEL: Donut chart
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    sizes = [5, 95]  # Utilized vs Idle
+    colors_donut = [BUBBLE_ZONE, GRAY_LIGHT]
+    labels_donut = ["Utilized (5%)", "Idle (95%)"]
+
+    wedges, texts, autotexts = ax2.pie(
+        sizes, colors=colors_donut, startangle=90,
+        textprops={"fontsize": 10},
+        autopct="", counterclock=False,
+    )
+
+    # Inner circle for donut
+    centre_circle = Circle((0, 0), 0.65, fc=WHITE)
+    ax2.add_artist(centre_circle)
+
+    # Center text
+    ax2.text(
+        0, 0, "5%\nGPU\nUTIL", ha="center", va="center",
+        fontsize=20, fontweight="bold", color=BUBBLE_ZONE,
+    )
+
+    ax2.set_title("GPU Capacity Breakdown", fontsize=14, fontweight="bold")
+    ax2.legend(wedges, labels_donut, loc="lower right", fontsize=10)
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # FIGURE-LEVEL: Title, subtitle, callout, source
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    fig.suptitle(
+        "The GPU Utilization Paradox",
+        fontsize=22, fontweight="bold", y=0.98,
+    )
+    fig.text(
+        0.5, 0.93,
+        "\\$400B+ spent on AI infrastructure — ~5% average GPU utilization",
+        ha="center", fontsize=13, color=GRAY_MEDIUM,
+    )
+
+    # Bold callout
+    fig.text(
+        0.5, 0.02,
+        "\\$295B+ spent  |  ~5% utilized  |  ~\\$280B wasted capacity",
+        ha="center", fontsize=14, fontweight="bold",
+        bbox=dict(
+            boxstyle="round,pad=0.5",
+            facecolor=GRAY_LIGHT,
+            edgecolor=BUBBLE_ZONE,
+            linewidth=2,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Source note
+    fig.text(
+        0.5, 0.07,
+        "Enterprise GPU utilization estimates from industry surveys (2024-2025)",
+        ha="center", fontsize=9, color=GRAY_MEDIUM, style="italic",
+    )
+
+    path = save_chart_tight(fig, "08_gpu_utilization.png")
+    plt.close(fig)
+    return path
+
+
+def main():
+    path = plot_gpu_utilization()
+    print(f"Chart saved: {path}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()