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2024-11-10 23:22:40 -06:00

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Thermodynamics, Scattered	2024-11-10

A Couple of Equations

When it comes to energy transfer and phase changes there are only two useful equations.

Specific Heat Equation: This equation is used to calculate the heat required to change the temperature of a substance without a phase change.
```
\Delta \textbf{KE}=Q = mc\Delta T
```
- ( Q ) = heat energy added or removed (in joules, J)
- ( m ) = mass of the substance (in kilograms, kg)
- ( c ) = specific heat capacity of the substance (in J/kg°C)
- ( \Delta T ) = change in temperature (in °C or K)
Latent Heat (Potential Energy Buildup): This equation is used for phase changes, where energy changes the state of the substance (like melting or boiling) without changing its temperature.
```
\Delta \textbf{PE} = Q = mL
```
- ( Q ) = heat energy added or removed (in joules, J)
- ( m ) = mass of the substance (in kilograms, kg)
- ( L ) = latent heat of the substance (in J/kg), which could be the latent heat of fusion (for melting/freezing) or vaporization (for boiling/condensing)

These equations together describe the heat energy required for changing the temperature of a substance and for changing its phase.

**It is important to note the alternate arrangement of both:


Q=nc_{\mathrm{mol}}\Delta T = \Delta \textbf{KE}

or for the other Latent Heat equation:


   \Delta \textbf{PE} = Q = nL_{\mathrm{mol}}