polish: cross-reference verification and final formatting

- Fix overfull hbox in ch05 method comparison table (118pt -> resolved)
- Fix overfull hbox in ch09 verification equation (147pt -> split with align)
- Fix overfull hbox in ch08 phase plane table (16pt -> p-column width)
- Fix overfull hbox in appA VOP formula (70pt -> inline textstyle)
- Fix overfull hbox in appB Fourier series table (70pt -> resizebox)
- Fix overfull hbox in appB common integrals table (tabular width)
- Fix overfull hbox in appB Laplace properties table (tabular width)
- Fix float too large in ch06 TikZ resonance figure (scale + clip)
- Fix text overfull in ch03 terminal velocity paragraph
- Fix ch09 summary table width with @{} column specifiers

appendices/appB_transform_tables.tex

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ provided the integral converges. The following table lists the most frequently e
 \centering
 \caption{Common Laplace Transforms}
 \label{tab:laplace_transforms}
-\begin{tabular}{l l l}
+\begin{tabular}{l l p{3cm}}
 \toprule
 \textbf{$f(t)$} & \textbf{$\mathcal{L}\{f(t)\} = F(s)$} & \textbf{Conditions} \\
 \midrule
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The following algebraic and operational properties make the Laplace transform a
 \centering
 \caption{Laplace Transform Properties}
 \label{tab:laplace_properties}
-\begin{tabular}{l l}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l p{12cm}@{}}
 \toprule
 \textbf{Property} & \textbf{Formula} \\
 \midrule
@@ -90,11 +90,13 @@ Fourier series decompose a periodic function $f(x)$ of period $2L$ into sine and
 \centering
 \caption{Fourier Series on $[-L, L]$}
 \label{tab:fourier_series}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
+\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{%
 \begin{tabular}{l l}
 \toprule
 \textbf{Formula} & \textbf{Expression} \\
 \midrule
-Full series & $\displaystyle f(x) = \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \Bigl[a_n \cos\!\Bigl(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\Bigr) + b_n \sin\!\Bigl(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\Bigr)\Bigr]$ \\[12pt]
+Full series & $\displaystyle f(x) = \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \Bigl[a_n \cos\!\Bigl(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\Bigr) + b_n \sin\!\Bigl(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\Bigr)\Bigr]$ \\[10pt]
 $a_0$ & $\displaystyle a_0 = \frac{1}{L}\int_{-L}^{L} f(x)\,\diff x$ \\[8pt]
 $a_n$ & $\displaystyle a_n = \frac{1}{L}\int_{-L}^{L} f(x)\cos\!\Bigl(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\Bigr)\,\diff x$ \\[8pt]
 $b_n$ & $\displaystyle b_n = \frac{1}{L}\int_{-L}^{L} f(x)\sin\!\Bigl(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\Bigr)\,\diff x$ \\[8pt]
@@ -104,7 +106,8 @@ Complex coefficients & $\displaystyle c_n = \frac{1}{2L}\int_{-L}^{L} f(x)\,e^{-
 Complex series & $\displaystyle f(x) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} c_n\,e^{i n\pi x/L}$ \\[8pt]
 Parseval's identity & $\displaystyle \frac{1}{L}\int_{-L}^{L} |f(x)|^{2}\,\diff x = \frac{a_0^{2}}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \bigl(a_n^{2} + b_n^{2}\bigr)$ \\[8pt]
 \bottomrule
-\end{tabular}
+\end{tabular}%
+}
 \end{table}
 
 \subsection{Common Integral Table}
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@ The following integrals are used throughout the handbook, particularly in separa
 \centering
 \caption{Common Indefinite Integrals}
 \label{tab:common_integrals}
-\begin{tabular}{l l}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l p{11.5cm}@{}}
 \toprule
 \textbf{Integrand} & \textbf{Result} \\
 \midrule