polish: cross-reference verification and final formatting

- Fix overfull hbox in ch05 method comparison table (118pt -> resolved)
- Fix overfull hbox in ch09 verification equation (147pt -> split with align)
- Fix overfull hbox in ch08 phase plane table (16pt -> p-column width)
- Fix overfull hbox in appA VOP formula (70pt -> inline textstyle)
- Fix overfull hbox in appB Fourier series table (70pt -> resizebox)
- Fix overfull hbox in appB common integrals table (tabular width)
- Fix overfull hbox in appB Laplace properties table (tabular width)
- Fix float too large in ch06 TikZ resonance figure (scale + clip)
- Fix text overfull in ch03 terminal velocity paragraph
- Fix ch09 summary table width with @{} column specifiers

appendices/appA_solution_summary.tex

@@ -89,11 +89,9 @@ Undetermined Coefficients &
 See \cref{tab:appA_undetermined_guess} for guess table. Plug $y_p$ into ODE, solve for unknown coefficients. &
 $g(x)$ is a polynomial, exponential, sine/cosine, or finite sums/products thereof \\[12pt]
 Variation of Parameters &
-\[
-  y_p(x) = -y_1(x)\int \frac{y_2(x)\,g(x)}{a\,W(x)}\,\diff x
-            + y_2(x)\int \frac{y_1(x)\,g(x)}{a\,W(x)}\,\diff x
-\]
-where $W = y_1 y_2' - y_2 y_1'$. &
+$\textstyle y_p(x) = -y_1(x)\!\int \frac{y_2(x)\,g(x)}{a\,W(x)}\,\diff x + y_2(x)\!\int \frac{y_1(x)\,g(x)}{a\,W(x)}\,\diff x$
+
+where $\textstyle W = y_1 y_2' - y_2 y_1'$. &
 Any $g(x)$ for which the integrals can be evaluated; requires the fundamental set $\{y_1,y_2\}$ \\[8pt]
 \bottomrule
 \end{tabular}