\section{Force and Translational Dynamics}

Dynamics explains changes in motion by relating the net external force on a chosen system to its acceleration through Newton's laws. In AP Physics C: Mechanics, this unit stays within inertial frames and emphasizes careful system definition, free-body reasoning, and consistent vector notation for quantities such as $\vec{F}$, $\vec{a}$, $\vec{g}$, $\vec{T}$, and $\vec{N}$.

The flow of the unit begins with Newton's laws and center-of-mass ideas, then develops common force models such as gravitation, normal force, tension, friction, and springs. It closes with velocity-dependent forces and radial dynamics, including circular motion and circular orbits, with idealized strings, pulleys, and springs used throughout where appropriate.

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-1-newton-laws}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-2-center-of-mass}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-3-gravitation}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-4-normal-tension}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-5-friction}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-6-springs}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-7-drag-terminal}

\input{concepts/mechanics/u2/m2-8-circular-orbital}
