# name: test/sql/setops/test_union_binding.test
# description: Test binding parameters with union expressions
# group: [setops]

statement ok
SET default_null_order='nulls_first';

statement ok
PRAGMA enable_verification

statement ok
CREATE TABLE test(a INTEGER);

statement ok
CREATE TABLE test2(b INTEGER);

statement ok
INSERT INTO test VALUES (1), (2), (3), (NULL);

statement ok
INSERT INTO test2 VALUES (2), (3), (4), (NULL);

query I
(SELECT a FROM test ORDER BY a+1) UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# union returns only one column
query I
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2) res ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# we can only bind by the column names of the first query
query I
SELECT a FROM (SELECT * FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2) res ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# hence this does not work: "b" is from the second query
statement error
SELECT b FROM (SELECT * FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2) res ORDER BY 1;
----
<REGEX>:Binder Error.*Referenced column.*not found.*

# it works if we reverse the tables
query I
SELECT b FROM (SELECT * FROM test2 UNION SELECT * FROM test) res ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# we can give explicit subquery aliases
query I
SELECT col1 FROM (SELECT * FROM test2 UNION SELECT * FROM test) res(col1) ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# we can ORDER BY names from both sides
query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY b;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# if names are ambiguous, throw an error
query II
SELECT 1, a FROM test UNION SELECT b AS a, 1 FROM test2 ORDER BY a, 1;
----
1	NULL
NULL	1
1	1
2	1
3	1
4	1
1	2
1	3

# if expressions are ambiguous as well, throw an error
statement error
SELECT 1, a+1 FROM test UNION SELECT a+1, 1 FROM test ORDER BY a+1;
----
<REGEX>:Binder Error.*Ambiguous reference to column.*

# also if we have multiple setops
query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 UNION SELECT b AS c FROM test2 ORDER BY c;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# we can also order by the expression itself
query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 UNION SELECT b + 1 FROM test2 ORDER BY b + 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4
5

# multiple columns order
query II
SELECT a, 10 - a AS b FROM test UNION SELECT b, b + 1 FROM test2 ORDER BY 2;
----
NULL	NULL
2	3
3	4
4	5
3	7
2	8
1	9

query II
SELECT a, 10 - a AS b FROM test UNION SELECT b, b + 1 FROM test2 ORDER BY b;
----
NULL	NULL
2	3
3	4
4	5
3	7
2	8
1	9

# and by constant references
query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# out of range constant reference
statement error
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY 2;
----
<REGEX>:Binder Error.*ORDER term out of range.*

# what if our subqueries have an order by clause?
query I
(SELECT a FROM test ORDER BY a+1) UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY 1;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# unions with SELECT * also allows orders
query I
SELECT * FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2 ORDER BY a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

query I
SELECT * FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2 ORDER BY b;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# test union with/without table specifiers
query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2 ORDER BY test.a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT b FROM test2 ORDER BY test2.b;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

query I
SELECT test.a FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2 ORDER BY a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

query I
SELECT test.a FROM test UNION SELECT test2.b FROM test2 ORDER BY b;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# what about multiple set ops?
query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2 UNION SELECT * FROM test t1 ORDER BY test.a, test2.b, t1.a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

query I
SELECT a FROM test UNION SELECT * FROM test2 UNION SELECT * FROM test t1 ORDER BY a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# and subqueries
query I
SELECT a FROM (SELECT * FROM test) bla UNION SELECT * FROM test2 ORDER BY bla.a;
----
NULL
1
2
3
4

# what if we have cross products or joins
query II
SELECT t1.a, t2.a FROM test t1, test t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.a UNION SELECT b, b - 1 FROM test2 ORDER BY t1.a, t2.a, test2.b;
----
NULL	NULL
1	1
2	1
2	2
3	2
3	3
4	3

# test union with NULLs
query TTI
SELECT NULL as a, NULL as b, 1 as id UNION SELECT CAST('2015-10-11 00:00:00' AS TIMESTAMP) as a, CAST('2015-10-11 12:34:56' AS TIMESTAMP) as b, 2 as id ORDER BY 3
----
NULL	NULL	1
2015-10-11 00:00:00	2015-10-11 12:34:56	2