should be it

external/duckdb/test/sql/function/string/test_substring.test

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+# name: test/sql/function/string/test_substring.test
+# description: Substring test
+# group: [string]
+
+statement ok
+PRAGMA enable_verification
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE strings(s VARCHAR, off INTEGER, length INTEGER);
+
+statement ok
+INSERT INTO strings VALUES ('hello', 1, 2), ('world', 2, 3), ('b', 1, 1), (NULL, 2, 2)
+
+foreach FUN substring substring_grapheme
+
+# test zero length
+query TT
+SELECT ${FUN}('🦆ab', 1, 0), ${FUN}('abc', 1, 0)
+----
+(empty)	(empty)
+
+# constant offset/length
+# normal substring
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from 1 for 2) FROM strings
+----
+he
+wo
+b
+NULL
+
+# substring out of range
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from 2 for 2) FROM strings
+----
+el
+or
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+# variable length offset/length
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from off for length) FROM strings
+----
+he
+orl
+b
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from off for 2) FROM strings
+----
+he
+or
+b
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from 1 for length) FROM strings
+----
+he
+wor
+b
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring('hello' from off for length) FROM strings
+----
+he
+ell
+h
+el
+
+# test substrings with constant nulls in different places
+query T
+SELECT substring(NULL from off for length) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring('hello' from NULL for length) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring('hello' from off for NULL) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring(NULL from NULL for length) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring('hello' from NULL for NULL) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring(NULL from off for NULL) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT substring(NULL from NULL for NULL) FROM strings
+----
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+
+# fixed slice
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from -2 for 2) FROM strings
+----
+lo
+ld
+b
+NULL
+
+# zero offset (this is accepted by SQLite)
+query T
+SELECT substring(s from 0 for length) FROM strings
+----
+h
+wo
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+# negative length
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 2, -2) FROM strings
+----
+h
+w
+b
+NULL
+
+# negative offset and negative length
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, -2, -2) FROM strings
+----
+el
+or
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+# length 0
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 2, 0) FROM strings
+----
+(empty)
+(empty)
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+# no length
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 2) FROM strings
+----
+ello
+orld
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(${FUN}(s, 2), 2) FROM strings
+----
+llo
+rld
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+# very large offset and length
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 2147483647, 2147483647) FROM strings
+----
+(empty)
+(empty)
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 2147483647, -2147483648) FROM strings
+----
+hello
+world
+b
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, -2147483647, 2147483647) FROM strings
+----
+hello
+world
+b
+NULL
+
+query T
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, -2147483648, -2147483648) FROM strings
+----
+(empty)
+(empty)
+(empty)
+NULL
+
+# Issue #2553 - accept BIGINT arguments
+query I
+SELECT ${FUN}('abc', INSTR('abc', 'b'));
+----
+bc
+
+# Issue #4978 - substring integer overflow
+query I
+SELECT ${FUN}('a', -1)
+----
+a
+
+query I
+SELECT ${FUN}('abcd', -1)
+----
+d
+
+query I
+SELECT ${FUN}('abcd', -7)
+----
+abcd
+
+# Even tough we accept bigints, we don't allow offsets and lengths larger than 
+# a 32-bit integer, since we need to be able to do the internal resulting string 
+# length calculations within a 64-bit integer to avoid overflows.
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 9223372036854775807, -9223372036854775808) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring offset outside of supported range (> 4294967295)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, -9223372036854775808, -9223372036854775808) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring offset outside of supported range (< -4294967296)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring offset outside of supported range (> 4294967295)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, -9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring offset outside of supported range (< -4294967296)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 0, 9223372036854775807) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring length outside of supported range (> 4294967295)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 0, -9223372036854775808) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring length outside of supported range (< -4294967296)
+
+# int32_t limits
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 4294967296, 2147483647) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring offset outside of supported range (> 4294967295)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, -4294967297, 2147483647) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring offset outside of supported range (< -4294967296)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 0, 4294967296) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring length outside of supported range (> 4294967295)
+
+statement error
+SELECT ${FUN}(s, 0, -4294967297) FROM strings
+----
+Out of Range Error: Substring length outside of supported range (< -4294967296)
+
+endloop